![]() ![]() For example, a recent systematic review found that only 10% of trials testing an implementation strategy in mental health settings identified a priori the specific barrier the strategy addressed, or the mechanism through which the strategy was believed to improve implementation, and none of the trials that tested a mechanism or barrier supported the strategy’s underlying theory of change ( Williams, 2016). Though the field of implementation science has advanced considerably in the past two decades, implementation strategies-the interventions used to increase adoption, implementation, and sustainment of EBPs in health services ( Brownson, Colditz, & Proctor, 2017)-are still rarely developed in a systematic way that targets specific barriers to implementation ( Powell et al., 2019). The field of implementation science was developed to better understand factors that facilitate or impede the implementation of EBPs and to develop and test strategies to increase effective implementation ( Williams & Beidas, 2019). ![]() The majority of people seeking mental health services do not receive treatments shown to improve clinical outcomes in rigorous randomized controlled trials, despite the accumulation of evidence and consensus for effective psychosocial treatments for psychiatric disorders ( Ghandour et al., 2019 United States Congress Senate Committee on Health Pensions Subcommittee on Substance Abuse Mental Health Services, 2004 United States President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, 2003), and significant policy efforts to endorse, promote, and actively implement these evidence-based practices (EBPs).
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